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NIGERIA.TXT
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1994-11-29
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Nigeria
Geography
Location:
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Benin and
Cameroon
Map references:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
923,770 sq km
land area:
910,770 sq km
comparative area:
slightly more than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
total 4,047 km, Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger
1,497 km
Coastline:
853 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200-m depth or to depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
30 nm
International disputes:
demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of
which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and
awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; boundary
commission, created with Cameroon to discuss unresolved land and
maritime boundaries, has not yet convened, but a commission was formed
January 1994 to study a flare-up of the dispute
Climate:
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
Terrain:
southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in
southeast, plains in north
Natural resources:
petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc,
natural gas
Land use:
arable land:
31%
permanent crops:
3%
meadows and pastures:
23%
forest and woodland:
15%
other:
28%
Irrigated land:
8,650 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
soil degradation; rapid deforestation; desertification; recent
droughts in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities
natural hazards:
periodic droughts
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate
Change
People
Population:
98,091,097 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
3.15% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
43.52 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
12.43 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
75 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
55.33 years
male:
54.11 years
female:
56.59 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.37 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Nigerian(s)
adjective:
Nigerian
Ethnic divisions:
north:
Hausa and Fulani
southwest:
Yoruba
southeast:
Ibos
non-Africans 27,000
note:
Hausa and Fulani, Yoruba, and Ibos together make up 65% of population
Religions:
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Languages:
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
51%
male:
62%
female:
40%
Labor force:
42.844 million
by occupation:
agriculture 54%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 15%
note:
49% of population of working age (1985)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Federal Republic of Nigeria
conventional short form:
Digraph:
NI
Type:
military government since 31 December 1983; plans to institute a
constitutional conference to prepare for a new transition to civilian
rule after plans for a transition in 1993 were negated by General
BABANGIDA
Capital:
Abuja
note:
on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially moved from Lagos to
Abuja; many government offices remain in Lagos pending completion of
facilities in Abuja
Administrative divisions:
30 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Capital Territory*, Adamawa,
Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Edo,
Enugu, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos,
Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe
Independence:
1 October 1960 (from UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 October (1960)
Constitution:
1979 constitution still in force; plan for 1989 constitution to take
effect in 1993 was not implemented
Legal system:
based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law
Suffrage:
21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government:
Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council and Commander in Chief of
Armed Forces and Defense Minister Gen. Sani ABACHA (since 17 November
1993); Vice-Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council Oladipo DIYA
(since 17 November 1993)
cabinet:
Federal Executive Council
Legislative branch:
bicameral National Assembly
Senate:
suspended after coup of 17 November 1993
House of Representatives:
suspended after coup of 17 November 1993
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court, Federal Court of Appeal
Political parties and leaders:
note:
two political party system suspended after the coup of 17 November
1993
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMO, IMF, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC
(observer), OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAVEM, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Zubair Mahmud KAZAURE
chancery:
1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:
(202) 986-8400
consulate(s) general:
New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Walter CARRINGTON
embassy:
2 Eleke Crescent, Lagos
mailing address:
P. O. Box 554, Lagos
telephone:
[234] (1) 610050
FAX:
[234] (1) 610257
consulate(s) general:
Kaduna
Flag:
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green
Economy
Overview:
The oil-rich Nigerian economy continues to be hobbled by poor
macroeconomic management that has resulted in an average annual
inflation rate of 60%, a growing foreign debt, and a worsening balance
of payments. A deepening political crisis in 1993 has compounded the
government's failure to reign in deficit spending, which prevents it
from reaching an agreement with the IMF and its bilateral creditors on
debt relief. Investment in both oil and non-oil sector industry has
been undermined by corruption and squandered on white elephant
projects that have failed to generate diversification or new
employment.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $95.1 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
4.1% (1992)
National product per capita:
$1,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
60% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
28% (1992 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$9 billion
expenditures:
$10.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)
Exports:
$11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
oil 95%, cocoa, rubber
partners:
US 54%, EC 23%
Imports:
$8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1992)
commodities:
machinery and equipment, manufactured goods, food and animals
partners:
EC 64%, US 10%, Japan 7%
External debt:
$29.5 billion (1992)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.7% (1991); accounts for 43% of GDP, including petroleum
Electricity:
capacity:
4,740,000 kW
production:
8.3 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
70 kWh (1991)
Industries:
crude oil and mining - coal, tin, columbite; primary processing
industries - palm oil, peanut, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins;
manufacturing industries - textiles, cement, building materials, food
products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics, steel
Agriculture:
accounts for 35% of GDP and half of labor force; inefficient
small-scale farming dominates; once a large net exporter of food and
now an importer; cash crops - cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber; food
crops - corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams; livestock -
cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; fishing and forestry resources extensively
exploited
Illicit drugs:
passenger and cargo air hub for West Africa; facilitates movement of
heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe
and North America; increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South
America intended for West European, East Asian, and North American
markets
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $705 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3
billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.2 billion
Currency:
1 naira (N) = 100 kobo
Exchange rates:
naira (N) per US$1 - 21.886 (November 1993), 17.298 (1992), 9.909
(1991), 8.038 (1990), 7.3647 (1989)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications
Railroads:
3,505 km 1.067-meter gauge
Highways:
total:
107,990 km
paved:
mostly bituminous-surface treatment 30,019 km
unpaved:
gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 25,411 km; unimproved earth
52,560 km
Inland waterways:
8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and
creeks
Pipelines:
crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km
Ports:
Lagos, Port Harcourt, Calabar, Warri, Onne, Sapele
Merchant marine:
33 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 432,704 GRT/686,718 DWT, bulk 1,
cargo 18, chemical tanker 3, liquified gas 1, oil tanker 9,
roll-on/roll-off cargo 1
Airports:
total:
80
usable:
67
with permanent-surface runways:
34
with runways over 3,659 m:
1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
15
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
21
Telecommunications:
above-average system limited by poor maintenance; major expansion in
progress; radio relay microwave and cable routes; broadcast stations -
35 AM, 17 FM, 28 TV; satellite earth stations - 2 Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT, 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 20 domestic stations; 1 coaxial
submarine cable
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Police Force
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 22,468,803; fit for military service 12,840,029; reach
military age (18) annually 986,518 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $172 million, about 1% of GDP (1992)